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发表于 2004-4-27 10:24:39
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USB PTP和IMG仿真是两种常用的
http://www.usinglinux.org/doc/tr ... al-Camera-HOWTO.txt
USB Digital Camera HOWTO
作者: Dave Kelly, daveekelly@earthlink.net
譯者: ?敏劍 expns@yahoo.com
April 2002 Revision 2.0
_________________________________________________________________
這個HOWTO說明如何在Linux作業系統上使用數位相機(USB Digital Camera).
_________________________________________________________________
1. 許可
* 1.1 版權
* 1.2 目的
* 1.3 設備的範圍
2. 建議閱讀
* 2.1 man pages
* 2.2 HOWTOs
* 2.3 Websites
3. 假設
4. 預備的設定
5. The Script Files
* 5.1 如果你使用user登入
* 5.2 如果你使用root登入
* 5.3 Make it Executable(讓它可以執行)
* 5.4 script運行時都做哪些事
6. 設定成最佳狀態
7. 不要苦?
8. Troubleshooting or PANIC!
9. 最後
10. Appendix A
* 10.1 第一部份
* 10.2 第二部份
11. Appendix B
* 11.1
12. Appendix C
* 12.1
13. Appendix D. Gnu Free Documentation License
* 13.1
* 13.2 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
* 13.3 VERBATIM COPYING
* 13.4 COPYING IN QUANTITY
* 13.5 MODIFICATIONS
* 13.6 COMBINING DOCUMENTS
* 13.7 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
* 13.8 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
* 13.9 TRANSLATION
* 13.10 TERMINATION
* 13.11 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
* 13.12 How to use this License for your documents
_________________________________________________________________
1. 許可
1.1 版權
版本所有: Dave Kelly, et al
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in [1]Appendix D .
1.2 目的
這個HOWTO的對象是已經擁有或打算?買 USB Digital Camera 的Linux新用戶.
如果你和我一樣, 有人在生日的時候送了你一個USB Digital Camera, 卻手足無
措(不知道如何在Linux作業系統上用). 這樣你就需要這樣一個HOWTO?硎 USB
Digital Camera 很好地與Linux協同工作.沒有我們做不了的事, 沒有解決不了
的問題,只要我們有了資?,一切都好辦.
1.3 設備的範圍
這些步驟在 Linux 核心版本 2.4.8 下完成. 我使用 P-50 4MB和64MB記憶
體,Olympus camera USB smart 卡 進行過測試, 這個步驟可以在Linux 核心版
本 2.2.19 下進行, 但不擔保成功. 在我的2.2.15核心上,它不能工作.
這個文檔中描述我是如何解決問題的, 還可以通過許多的途?, 但是要重新編譯
內核, 這正是我不想要的. 文檔提供足夠的資?讓USB mass storage 在開機的
時候激活. Linux是一個發展當中的科技. 我們身邊的科技. 這個文檔可能不能
回答你特別的問題, 它將給你一個探究這些問題的起點. 加上沿著它發現新東西
的運氣.
下面?"gphoto2 README"當中?選出?淼馁Y?將給你一些用在其它cameras 上設
定的知識. 不妨瞧一瞧"gphoto"的資?: [2]http://www.gphoto.org/
這些camera都支持一種叫做USB Mass Storage protocol的協議. USB Mass
Storage protocol讓你能訪問任何存儲設備, 比如通過USB連接電腦的camera或
磁碟. 因為那裡已經有協議的驅動程式了,所以你不要另外如gphoto2的程式. 下
面的camera 好像都支持 USB Mass Storage protocol:
* Casio QV (2x00,3x00,8000)
* Fuji FinePix S1 Pro, (1400,2400,4700)Zoom, 1300, 4500
* HP PhotoSmart 315, 618, 912
* Leica Digilux 4.3
* Konica KD300Z
* Kyocera Finecam s3
* Minolta Dimage 7
* Nikon Coolpix 995
* Olympus C-100, C-200Z, C-700, C-860L, C-2040, C-3020Z, C-3040Z,
C-4040Zoom, D-510, E-10
* Pentax Optio 330
* Sony DSC-F505(V), DSC P5, DSC-F707
再?娬{一次, 以上這些camera不能通過gphoto2 的程式訪問.其它的camera支持
Kodak 和其它產商開發的PTP 或 USB Imaging Devices 協議. gphoto2 目前還
不支持PTP. 但是 [3]jPhoto 支持.
這裡是一些支持這種協議的camera :
* Kodak DC-4800, DX-3215, DX-3500, DX-3600, DX-3700, DX-3900, MC3
and all the cameras that use Kodak Easy Share(TM) system.
* Sony DSC-P5, DSC-F707 (both need user configuration of the camera)
在gphoto2 ?現支持PTP之前,這些 cameras 不被支持.
2. 建議閱讀
建議閱讀下面這些HOWTO和手冊, 這些資?很有用.
2.1 man pages
* lsmod
* modprobe
* mount
* mv
* su
* fstab
* mtab
* dir
* install
* mknod
* chown
2.2 HOWTOs
* Module-HOWTO
* Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO
* SCSI-2.4-HOWTO
* Hardware-HOWTO
這些都在各個Linux發行版中, 如果你沒有, 可以在這裡找到: [4]
http://www.tldp.org/
2.3 Websites
* [5]http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/
* [6]http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html
3. 假設
我的機器沒有SCSI或USB設備, 主要由Athlon 900 加上 40G 的磁碟機. 我的核
心當中沒有編譯進任何 SCSI 或 USB 設備, 但是我將它們編譯成模組. 在我
的Mandrake 8.1 裡安裝了 2.4.8_26mdk 版的核心. ?奈覀兒诵膶拥脑沓霭l,
這個文檔應當對所有的發行版都有效用.
當然, 這份文檔假設如下情形:
* 你沒有掛任何 SCSI 或者是 USB 模組.
* 你擁有root權限.
* 有camera?型及參數的產品說明檔.
* mount points載入點 "camera", /mnt/camera, 沒有上述內容. 在 /mnt 你
應當看到有cdrom, disk, floppy, a和其它設備名. 你應當看到 "camera".
這是目錄, 和它們的mount points載入點 .
* symbol符號"bash $" 表示command line prompt指令提示. 在你輸入指令前
不要輸入其它字符. command line prompt指令提示後面可用於用戶對機器
下達指令.
4. 預備的設定
在這裡你要做出一些如為mount point載入點建立目錄?K且給它命名,我的camera
是? /mnt 載入的 目錄的名字是任意的(我用camera).你可以通過如下指令設定
一個:
______________________________________________________________
[bash]$ mkdir -m 777 /mnt/camera
______________________________________________________________
我喜歡讓我所有的pictures 都放在按主題分?的子目錄裡. 所以我在自己
的/home設定了一個名為 picture目錄, 你可以通過如下指令設定一個:
______________________________________________________________
bash]$ mkdir -m 777 ~/picture
______________________________________________________________
這是個重要的決定, 你準備用root/user權限?碜鲞@些嗎?
5. The Script Files
下面這個script file是讀了幾個 Linux newsgroups 和很多 HOWTOs 與
manuals 之後寫出?淼.它們都是間接或直接?膭e人那裡學習?淼慕涷. 我非常
感謝 newsgroups 裡回答我問題的人和在網路上po(?堎N)這些資?的人.
如果想要開始設定, 請使用你喜歡的 text editor 將下面的 script 設定一個
名稱?K且保存起?.
5.1 如果你使用user登入
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echo " lease enter a directory name for the pictures."
read DIRPATH
mkdir ~/picture/$DIRPATH
su -c "/sbin/modprobe usb-storage; mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera;
/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start;
mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg ~/picture/$DIRPATH;
umount /mnt/camera;
chown -R your_login_name ~/picture/$DIRPATH"
______________________________________________________________
5.2 如果你使用root登入
______________________________________________________________
echo "lease enter a directory name for the pictures."
read DIRPATH
mkdir picture/$DIRPATH
/sbin/modprobe usb-storage
mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera
/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start
mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH;
umount /mnt/camera
chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH
______________________________________________________________
5.3 Make it Executable(讓它可以執行)
當你用user登入時:
______________________________________________________________
bash $dollar su -c "chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name"
______________________________________________________________
當你用root登入時:
______________________________________________________________
bash# chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name
______________________________________________________________
5.4 script運行時都做哪些事
當你運行它時, 將以DIRPATH裡的值?碓O定目錄. 如果你的script_file_name =
getcamJ,(J for getting the pictures with .jpg extensions) 指令的順序看
起?砭拖襁@樣:
______________________________________________________________
bash $ getcamJ
Please enter a directory name for the pictures.
bash $ something
Password:
bash $ your root password
______________________________________________________________
你必需以root權限?磉\行它. 所以 'su' 指令加上 -c 標緻可以讓你暫時擁有另
外的權限執行指令然後又回到原?淼臓顟B. ""能使你執行多個指令, ;分號可以
讓一個指令執行後繼續下一個指令.
/sbin/modprobe usb-storage: modprobe 將USB mass storage 模組和其它設備
的模組掛進?. 主要是 SCSI driver. 確定在 /dev 有這些: sda0, sda1,
sda2, sda3, sda4, sdb0, sdb1, sdb2, sdb3, sdb4. 如果你有其它 SCSI
devices,請將sda1 進行正確的設定,可能是 sdb1.
將SCSI driver 載入: mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera
運行 USB 程式: /etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start
將你的pictures ? camera 移至你的硬碟機. mv 同時將camera上的pictures移
除: mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH;
卸下你的 SCSI driver: umount /mnt/camera
指令: chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH 完成的時候, pictures的
所有者是root/superuser, 因為你是以 root/superuser指行上述指令的(script
當中使用了su指令). 當你以user權限訪問它們的時候會有permission denied
error的警告. 解決這個問題的辦法是參考有關權限設定的manual.
在我的機器裡, USB 或 SCSI 驅動程式是以模組的形式編譯的. 所以 script
file 也是假定你的系統和我的一樣. 如果不是, 你將要做一些修改,請閱讀有關
的e manuals 和 HOWTOs. 或 向 Linux newsgroups 請教.
6. 設定成最佳狀態
好了,你應該探究一下. 拿camera攝制一些測試用的pictures?K存儲成不同的格
式. 我的camera可以有4種formats: TIFF, GIF, JPEG, 和 MPEG, 當然它們也可
以不同大小. 在我的Sony P-50 這些被分別存儲在記憶體的4個子文檔目錄中:
100msdcf, imcif100, thm, 和 moml0001. 這些都在dcim, 和 mssony 文檔目錄
中. 你要找到自己camera的存儲區域.可以這樣:
* 將上述script存成執行檔.
* 用vi或其它的文檔編輯器更改這一行: mv
/mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH to mv
/mnt/camera/* picture/$DIRPATH
* 像這樣執行文檔:
______________________________________________________________
bash$ ./your_script_file_name
______________________________________________________________
注意 bash$ 後面的 ./
7. 不要苦?
更改SCRIPT FILE 可能會使你執行出錯,現在不理它們. 在你苦??K抱怨它們沒
有效果之前,看一下你的camera有沒有pictures. 如果你看過了, 請將
directory path names (路?矫Q)寫下?. 回到文檔編輯器中,將
dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg 替換之. 你可能需要用幾個不同的 script files ?硖幚
不同的 picture 格式.
現在你的硬碟機的文檔目錄和 Section A.2 相似.執行?K確認它的正確性:
______________________________________________________________
bash $ dir -R name-of-your-picture-directory
______________________________________________________________
希望這個文檔的資?(有提到的manuals and HOWTOs)對你有用.
祝您好運. Dave (HOWTO的作者)
8. Troubleshooting or PANIC!
如果沒有什麼效果, 讓我們?矸治?K解決它們, 看一下是否還有 pictures在
camera 裡. 如果有, 請跳過這一段. 如果沒有,好吧,它們一定在什麼地方呆著
呢.找一下. 還是沒有的話, 請將camera關掉, 重新啟動機器和camera.
確信/mnt/camera 還在你的硬碟機裡, 如果沒有,請重新設定一個. 我注意到有
時候SCSI device in /dev (sda1)自己被移除.Check that also and replace
if needed.
移除script產生出?淼淖游臋n目錄.如果你使用user登入,那麼就要用到su,記得
在完成恢?驮瓲. 參照 [7]Appendix C
輸入:
______________________________________________________________
bash $ dmesg
______________________________________________________________
你會看到這些:
______________________________________________________________
hub.c: USB new device connect on bus1/1, assigned device number 2
usb.c: USB device 2 (vend/prod 0x54c/0x10) is not claimed by any active driver.
(The
0x54c/0x10 will be different for different vendors.)
______________________________________________________________
如果你看到這些, 那麼你的USB mass storage device 被正確識別.
現在啟動你的camera,然後執行script file (the modified one) 當你重新執
行dmesg,你會看到這些:
______________________________________________________________
bash $ dmesg
SCSI subsystem driver Revision: 1.00
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usb.c: registered new driver usb-storage
scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Vendor: Sony Model: Sony DSC Rev: 3.22
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
WARNING: USB Mass Storage data integrity not assured
USB Mass Storage device found at 2
USB Mass Storage support registered.
Attached scsi removable disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
SCSI device sda: 126848 512-byte hdwr sectors (65 MB)
sda: Write Protect is off
/dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1
usb-uhci.c: interrupt, status 3, frame# 1628
______________________________________________________________
現在執行lsmod?K閱讀 [8]Appendix B .
如果lsmod和Appendix B 相似,dmesg和上面的也相似, 但就是沒有picture在你
的硬碟機裡,那麼抱歉,我也不知道是哪裡出問題了. 不幸的是,我目前所知的方
法是仔細地再?硪槐. 將輸出的結果用re-direction option >filename 捕捉至
文檔中,然後, 將它po到以下兩個newsgroups:
* alt.OS.Linux.mandrake
* comp.OS.Linux.hardware
告訴他們你做了什麼,?K且尋求幫助.在你能想到的一切辦法之後,最好給我
?韊-mail: [9]daveekelly@earthlink.net.
9. 最後
在所有的結果都如你所願之後, 如果你想的話,但不是必需的, 將執行檔安裝至
/usr/sbin(我的建議) :
______________________________________________________________
bash $ install file_name /usr/sbin
______________________________________________________________
10. Appendix A
10.1 第一部份
這是我設定的文檔目錄,主目錄為 picture 和 子目錄 smkbot:
______________________________________________________________
picture/smkbot:
dsc00117.jpg dsc00120.jpg dsc00123.jpg dsc00126.jpg dsc00129.jpg
dsc00118.jpg dsc00121.jpg dsc00124.jpg dsc00127.jpg dsc00130.jpg
dsc00119.jpg dsc00122.jpg dsc00125.jpg dsc00128.jpg dsc00131.jpg
______________________________________________________________
10.2 第二部份
這是我以不同picture格式設定的文檔目錄結構:
______________________________________________________________
picture/trash:
camera
picture/trash/camera:
dcim mssony
picture/trash/camera/dcim:
100msdcf
picture/trash/camera/dcim/100msdcf:
dsc00357.jpg dsc00360.jpg dsc00363.jpg txt00365.gif
dsc00358.jpg dsc00361.jpg dsc00364.jpg txt00365.thm
dsc00359.jpg dsc00362.jpg dsc00366.jpg
picture/trash/camera/mssony:
imcif100
picture/trash/camera/mssony/imcif100:
dsc00364.jpg dsc00366.tif
______________________________________________________________
11. Appendix B
11.1
這些都是我系統中所有的模組
What we want to see here is the word usb-storage under the Used by
column:
______________________________________________________________
Module Size Used by
nls_iso8859-12880 0 (autoclean)
nls_cp437 4400 0 (autoclean)
sd_mod11792 0 (autoclean)
vfat 9968 0 (autoclean)
fat 32192 0 (autoclean) [vfat]
usb-storage 52528 0
scsi_mod 91072 2 [sd_mod usb-storage]
ppp_deflate 42208 0 (autoclean)
bsd_comp 4576 0 (autoclean)
ppp_async 6672 0 (autoclean)
ppp_generic 19616 0 (autoclean) [ppp_deflate bsd_comp ppp_async]
slhc 5136 0 (autoclean) [ppp_generic]
parport_pc 20240 1 (autoclean)
lp 5808 0 (autoclean)
parport 24768 1 (autoclean) [parport_pc lp]
es1371 26768 1
soundcore 4208 4 [es1371]
ac97_codec 9312 0 [es1371]
gameport 1856 0 [es1371]
af_packet 12560 0 (autoclean)
ip_vs 62000 0 (autoclean)
usb-uhci 21232 0 (unused)
usbcore 50752 1 [usb-storage usb-uhci]
rtc 5600 0 (autoclean)
______________________________________________________________
12. Appendix C
12.1
當你完成了所有的測試,使用下面的命令恢?驮瓲.要非常小心! BUT BE VERY
VERY CAREFUL:
______________________________________________________________
bash $ rm -Rf picture/test_directory
______________________________________________________________
You could lose more than you bargin for, test_directory should be what
you entered for $DIRPATH in the scripts above. (It never hurts for
first time user to slip over somewhere else and create a directory
tree, copy file to it, and test this command line before using it on
something irreplacable.) Again read the manual.
13. Appendix D. Gnu Free Documentation License
13.1 PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
13.2 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
addressed as "you".
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is
in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
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pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
13.3 VERBATIM COPYING
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
13.4 COPYING IN QUANTITY
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and
legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover
must present the full title with all words of the title equally
prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in
addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they
preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can
be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
Document.
13.5 MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
original publisher of that version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there
is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on
its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as
stated in the previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a
network location for a work that was published at least four years
before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the
version it refers to gives permission.
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not
be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
13.6 COMBINING DOCUMENTS
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
entitled "Endorsements."
13.7 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules
of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all
other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.
13.8 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise
they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
13.9 TRANSLATION
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the
original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
between the translation and the original English version of this
License, the original English version will prevail.
13.10 TERMINATION
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt
to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
13.11 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See [10]
www.gnu.org/copyleft
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
13.12 How to use this License for your documents
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Ver
sion 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with t
he Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being
LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is inclu
ded in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts
being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to
permit their use in free software.
References
1. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.27284/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix D
2. http://www.gphoto.org/
3. http://jphoto.sourceforge.net/
4. http://www.tldp.org/
5. http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/
6. http://www.linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html
7. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.27284/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix C
8. file://localhost/tmp/zh-sgmltools.27284/USB-Digital-Camera-HOWTO.txt.html#Appendix B
9. mailto:daveekelly@earthlink.net
10. http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/ |
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发表于 2004-4-24 13:42:03